How feasible and sustainable is retrofitting old buildings with automation and smart technologies? This article explores the benefits, challenges, and examples of integrating automation and smart solutions into old buildings.
In India, the trend of refurbishing and retrofitting old buildings is gradually gaining momentum, driven by a growing awareness of sustainability, resource conservation, and environmental responsibility. On a holistic view, the country is rapidly progressing towards rapid urbanization and new construction to accommodate the demand of the growing population, but there is a notable shift towards reimagining and rejuvenating existing structures. This trend is particularly relevant in urban cities where space is limited, and the environmental impact of demolishing and rebuilding can damage the environment.
The Indian government and urban planners have also started acknowledging the environmental benefits of refurbishment. As a result, policies are beginning to align with sustainability goals, encouraging the reuse and repurposing of existing structures. The economic benefits of refurbishment over new construction are becoming more evident. Retrofitting and upgrading existing buildings can be a more cost-effective solution compared to demolishing and rebuilding.
Opportunity and Advantages
Old buildings can be retrofitted with intelligent lighting, climate control, security systems, and energy management solutions, all of which can be retrofitted into older structures. Plus, incorporating advanced security features such as smart locks, automated alarm systems, video surveillance and motion detectors can enhance the safety and security of older structures.
One notable example is The Oberoi Grand in Kolkata, a historical luxury hotel built in 1888. This iconic building, which combines colonial and traditional Indian architectural styles, has been equipped with modern smart systems, including smart lighting, climate control, and keyless entry, all seamlessly integrated into the heritage structure without compromising its aesthetic value. Similarly, The Taj Mahal Palace in Mumbai, established in 1903, features a mix of Indian, Islamic, and European styles. It has been retrofitted with state-of-the-art automation systems, enhancing energy efficiency and guest comfort through automated lighting, temperature control, and integrated entertainment systems, while also incorporating advanced security features such as access control and surveillance.
In The Leela Palace in New Delhi, which occupies a historic site with traditional Indian palatial architecture, advanced building automation systems have been introduced in recent renovations. These include energy-efficient lighting, smart temperature control, and automated guest services, ensuring sustainability and operational efficiency without sacrificing luxury. Palace on Wheels, a luxury train in Rajasthan inspired by royal palaces, has also embraced smart automation. Despite its traditional design, the train features automated lighting, temperature regulation, and entertainment systems, offering passengers modern amenities while preserving its royal heritage.
The Indian National Congress Office in New Delhi, a significant historical building, has undergone retrofitting with modern automation solutions like automated lighting, climate control, and integrated security systems, making it more energy-efficient and aligned with contemporary building standards. Likewise, Taj Mansingh in New Delhi, a prestigious hotel built in the 1970s, recently integrated advanced automation technologies in a major renovation. The smart room controls, including lighting, curtains, temperature, and entertainment systems, can be adjusted with voice commands or buttons, while the security systems were upgraded to the latest standards.
Lastly, the Kochi-Muziris Biennale Venues in Kochi, which include several restored heritage buildings, have also been retrofitted with modern automation. The buildings, which host India’s largest art exhibition, feature energy-efficient lighting, temperature control, and security systems, while automated solutions have been implemented in exhibition spaces to ensure optimal lighting and environmental conditions, enhancing the overall visitor experience. These examples demonstrate how India is successfully integrating smart technologies into old buildings, preserving their historical charm while enhancing their functionality and sustainability.
Challenges of Retrofitting Old Buildings
Incorporating smart solutions into older buildings comes with several challenges, the most prominent being structural limitations. Many older buildings were not designed to support modern technologies, often lacking the necessary infrastructure such as wiring or space to accommodate smart systems. Retrofitting electrical wiring, upgrading HVAC systems, and integrating sensors into walls or ceilings can be complicated and costly.
Another challenge is the high initial costs associated with retrofitting. The process of installing smart automation systems in buildings with outdated infrastructure can involve significant upfront expenses, including extensive renovations.
Integration with existing systems in older buildings can also pose difficulties. Many buildings may have outdated systems that are incompatible with modern automation technologies. For example, old heating, cooling, and electrical systems may need to be replaced to integrate seamlessly with smart solutions.
Smart Home World speaks to Professionals, System Integrators, and Lighting Designers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the scope and potential of incorporating automation and smart solutions into old buildings.
Ar. Aniruddha V. Nafrey, Principal Architect, Arriva Designs
What is the scope of Integrating Building Automation and Smart Technology in old Buildings to enhance Functionality, Preserving Heritage and Aesthetics and improve energy efficiency?
Integrating smart technology into older buildings is an exciting opportunity to merge heritage with modern functionality. At Arriva Designs, we see this as a way to honor the past while embracing the future. Smart technologies can dramatically enhance energy efficiency without compromising the aesthetics or character of a building. For instance, automated HVAC systems can adapt to varying occupancy levels, while IoT-enabled energy management systems can monitor and reduce energy consumption. These technologies, when thoughtfully implemented, respect the building’s legacy while introducing conveniences like smart lighting that accentuate its design and reduce energy use.
What challenges have you faced in incorporating smart technologies into traditional designs? Please elaborate.
One major challenge is maintaining the integrity of historical elements. Many older structures were not designed for modern electrical systems, so retrofitting requires meticulous planning. Structural constraints, such as load-bearing walls or intricate detailing, can complicate the installation of wiring or systems like automated shading. Additionally, striking a balance between functionality and aesthetics often involves customized solutions, which can increase costs and timelines. However, these challenges can be overcome with expertise and creative problem-solving, ensuring that the heritage remains intact while integrating modern advancements.
Which smart technologies do you consider most beneficial for enhancing the functionality of traditional buildings? For Example Smart Lighting Systems, IoT-based HVAC Systems, Automated Windows and Shading systems, Energy management systems and Security and Surveillance?
We find smart lighting systems and energy management tools to be the most impactful for traditional structures. Smart lighting can be tailored to highlight architectural features, offering both functionality and mood enhancement. IoT-based energy management systems allow us to optimize power usage while respecting the building’s design limitations. Automated shading systems are also valuable, providing comfort and energy savings while complementing the structure’s original aesthetics. These technologies ensure a seamless blend of old-world charm with modern efficiency.
Devika Khosla, Creative Director, The Works Interiors
What is the scope of Integrating Building Automation and Smart Technology in old Buildings to enhance Functionality, Preserving Heritage and Aesthetics and improve energy efficiency?
In a world where environmental concerns are becoming increasingly urgent, what to build—or build at all—requires careful consideration. While new constructions have benefits, adapting and reusing existing spaces, enhanced with modern facilities, is a powerful solution for reducing our carbon footprint. This approach also offers a valuable opportunity to preserve the culture and tangible heritage.
Integrating smart technology into older buildings revitalises them without sacrificing their character. Smart systems enhance functionality while maintaining their historical essence. For instance, in some of our projects, we’ve implemented smart lighting that adapts to the natural lighting of a space and promotes energy efficiency while preserving the aesthetics. IoT-based HVAC systems improve comfort without the bulkiness of traditional units detracting from the appearance, and energy management systems are transformative for sustainability, making these beautiful older structures more efficient. It aligns perfectly with our philosophy at The Works Interiors.
What challenges have you faced in incorporating smart technologies into traditional designs? Please elaborate.
Incorporating smart technology into traditional designs comes with a set of challenges. One of the most significant is ensuring that the technology enhances rather than overpowers the traditional aesthetics, which requires striking a delicate balance. Older buildings often present structural limitations, making it impossible to install systems just anywhere. It necessitates creative solutions, such as concealing cables and integrating modern elements naturally and unobtrusively. Another key challenge lies in managing client expectations—there’s often a concern that introducing smart technology might compromise the charm and authenticity of the space. To address this, we engage in detailed discussions and collaborative planning, ensuring that every addition feels seamless and respectful of the original design while meeting modern functionality requirements.
Which smart technologies do you consider most beneficial for enhancing the functionality of traditional buildings? For Example Smart Lighting Systems, IoT-based HVAC Systems, Automated Windows and Shading systems, Energy management systems and Security and Surveillance.
There are a few standouts for me. Smart lighting is invaluable because it can transform the mood of a space without altering its appearance. IoT-based HVAC systems are another game-changer—they ensure comfort without the bulky, noisy units we’re used to seeing. Automated windows and shading systems are also excellent; they aid in temperature control and natural lighting, which is crucial for preserving the building’s original materials. And, of course, energy management systems are essential for making these old buildings more eco-friendly. We focus on incorporating technologies that subtly enhance the space without detracting from its original charm.
Ar. Kapil Surlakar, Director of Design, LIGHT@WORK Design Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
What are the advantages of using smart lighting systems in old traditional buildings?
Smart Lighting systems come with smart power and control protocols which can help to reduce the cable lengths to be drawn in buildings that are old or of heritage value, minimising the physical damage to the structure. The use of Bluetooth, RF, Zigbee and other such wireless communication protocols definitely allows for such an advantage.
What are the biggest challenges when integrating smart lighting systems in historic or old buildings?
Historic and old buildings are designed in response to the technologies and building techniques contemporary to the time of their construction. The language of Architecture and methods of construction do not account for the new technologies that might be beneficial but need physical intervention and space. The challenge is to provide a solution that is adaptable, without altering greatly the language of Architecture and can be executed without much damage to the structure.
Which smart lighting technologies do you consider essential for the energy efficiency of the building?
Lighting that interfaces with sensors, such as Daylight sensors, occupancy sensors, etc. that help to control the use of artificial light are essential for the efficient use of energy resources. This is especially so in public buildings. Luminaires with well-designed optics that deliver the lumens as desired without light trespass are equally important. Smart electronics, such as LED drivers and SMPS that interface with BMS and help to monitor power fluctuations and luminaire failures through feedback mechanisms also help to monitor and deliver efficient lighting.
Pathik Joshi and Abhilasha Josh, Founders, Kypad Designs
What is the scope of Integrating Building Automation and Smart Technology in old Buildings to enhance Functionality, Preserving Heritage and Aesthetics and improve energy efficiency?
At Kypad Design, we view smart technology as a bridge between preserving heritage and enhancing utility. By integrating systems like automated windows or IoT-based energy management, we can retain the soul of an old building while optimizing its performance. Building automation allows us to reduce energy consumption significantly and create spaces that are both sustainable and user-friendly. The real magic lies in blending these advancements subtly so that they harmonize with the building’s timeless beauty, creating a seamless integration of tradition and innovation.
What challenges have you faced in incorporating smart technologies into traditional designs? Please elaborate.
The biggest challenge is ensuring that new technology integrates invisibly into the design. Many older buildings have unique materials or layouts that complicate installations. For instance, retrofitting wiring for automated systems often requires a level of precision to avoid disrupting heritage elements like ornate woodwork or vintage plaster. Another hurdle is the potential mismatch between old and new — not just visually but also structurally.
Which smart technologies do you consider most beneficial for enhancing the functionality of traditional buildings? For example Smart Lighting Systems, IoT based HVAC Systems, Automated Windows and Shading systems, Energy Management Systems and Security and Surveillance.
For traditional buildings, technologies like IoT-based HVAC systems and automated windows are game-changers. HVAC systems ensure energy efficiency while maintaining thermal comfort, which is especially critical for preserving delicate materials in heritage spaces. Automated windows and shading systems enhance natural ventilation and light control, creating an environment that feels organic while minimizing energy usage. Additionally, security and surveillance systems can be discreetly integrated, offering modern protection without detracting from the building’s charm. These solutions elevate the functionality of traditional spaces while preserving their intrinsic character.
Gagandeep Kapila and Bhuvan Kapila, Founders and Principal Architects, WMA
What is the scope of Integrating Building Automation and Smart Technology in old Buildings to enhance Functionality, Preserving Heritage and Aesthetics and improve energy efficiency?
At WMA Studio, we view heritage buildings as living histories that can embrace modern technology without losing their identity. Instead of retrofitting for the sake of automation, we adopt a curated approach—using smart systems that enhance day-to-day functionality while honoring the building’s original charm. For example, subtle solutions like automated shading systems can regulate indoor temperatures and protect intricate details from wear and tear, while renewable energy solutions, such as solar-integrated roofs, bring old structures into the future sustainably. Every intervention is informed by respect for the building’s story, ensuring its legacy continues in a modern context.
What challenges have you faced in incorporating smart technologies into traditional designs? Please elaborate.
Incorporating smart technologies into traditional buildings presents unique challenges, including structural limitations, preservation regulations, and aesthetic considerations. At WMA Studio, we have encountered situations where modern wiring for automated systems needed to be installed without disturbing ornate interiors. Our solution involves meticulous planning and the use of wireless technologies to minimize physical alterations, ensuring that the building’s character remains intact while upgrading its functionality.
Which smart technologies do you consider most beneficial for enhancing the functionality of traditional buildings? For Example Smart Lighting Systems, IoT-based HVAC Systems, Automated Windows and Shading systems, Energy management systems and Security and Surveillance.
We find that smart lighting systems and energy management solutions offer significant benefits for traditional structures. Adaptive lighting enhances the ambiance and highlights architectural features, while energy management systems monitor and optimize energy consumption, promoting sustainability. Additionally, automated shading systems can protect delicate interiors from sunlight damage. Our focus is on selecting technologies that enhance the building’s usability and efficiency without detracting from its historical and aesthetic value
Rahul Mistri, Founder, Open Atelier Mumbai
What is the scope of Integrating Building Automation and Smart Technology in old Buildings to enhance Functionality, Preserving Heritage and Aesthetics and improve energy efficiency? Please elaborate.
Integrating building automation and smart technology in spaces, both old and modern, is a delicate task that designers grapple with every day. Smart tech is vital in how spaces are designed, constructed and even operated today. For us at Open Atelier Mumbai, it comes across as a fascinating challenge that requires a balance between innovation and preservation when juxtaposing the old with the new. The older any space gets, the more complex it becomes to address the solutions needed for its smooth functioning while understanding the importance of reusing and celebrating heritage, maintaining aesthetics and efficiently planning the energy consumption.
At Open Atelier Mumbai, we believe that traditional structures come with rich histories and unique characters that deserve repurposing and require more than technical solutions. They call for a thoughtful approach that considers the integrity of the past while embracing the potential of reusing for a sustainable future. The new-age technology comes in handy here as it allows us to incorporate various smart systems while addressing the cultural influences of the built form, creating spaces that resonate meaningfully with both the environment and its user. From smart security systems to wireless solutions, we integrate automation in our designs to enhance the experience of these spaces. We believe these controls create dynamic spaces that adapt seamlessly to their occupants and surroundings.
For instance, our design concept for the office of TOAST Events Pvt Ltd., an all-in-one marketing firm, sought to repurpose the heritage building of the Green Gift Bungalow in Bandra, Mumbai. The building exudes its colonial-era charm with its striking yellow facade, and the green sloping awning was the perfect choice. Therefore, the primary design challenge was creating a collaborative office space without altering the original structural elements. The vision was to inculcate modern functionalities within a record timeline of 25 days with minimal structural interventions. This helped us retain the space’s original features while maintaining creativity and functionality.
The lighting system incorporated in TOAST became the perfect example of creating a seamless aesthetic without touching the intrinsic building structure. The lighting design combines a linear, clean approach, connecting various luminaries in exposed conduits. Combining these luminaries with natural lighting forms a holistic working environment for the user. The optimal use of natural light through existing openings and windows with the lighting system helped us build a collective ecosystem. These lights are strategically placed, considering the flow of natural light while serving as statement pieces. They accentuate the space’s details and design motifs. As one moves through the office, the subtle sway of the suspended lights creates a captivating interplay of light and shadow, reducing glare while fostering a sense of fluidity and spatial unity.
Therefore, the inherent nature of new-age building automation and smart technology systems provides substantial scope for integration into heritage spaces.
What challenges have you faced in incorporating smart technologies into traditional designs? Please elaborate.
The primary challenges faced when trying to incorporate building automation and smart technology systems are the conventional mind blocks that individuals go through, from us as designers to the clients. Since the occupants are highly used to traditional conventional systems such as electrical keypads, it takes time to manage and understand the workings of their surroundings. Getting the right consultant and integrator on board becomes paramount here, as working with them makes the design more straightforward for its inhabitants. The designer, integrator, and consultant need to work in unison to smartly plan and, accordingly, design for a comfortable application in the foreseeable future because it is a significant paradigm shift in space functionality.
From a design perspective, it is essential to understand the function and aesthetic needed for the space a designer is reusing. For example, the design for Vita Moderna’s office and experiential center primarily maintains the original structure intact and raw. The centre is located in the original industrial estate of Raghuvanshi Mills, Mumbai, and therefore, it became essential to maintain the intrinsic industrial rawness of the space. Only playing with the interior walls helps us create an immersive retail experience where the essence of global brands comes alive. Here, the bespoke lighting is an ode to using design and automation innovative tools to enhance user experience while facilitating collaboration.
The unique lighting system designed in collaboration with Delta Light, called the Superloop, a 5-meter-wide lighting ring, has been incorporated. The 14 Superloop lighting rings are strategically installed at various heights, with magnetic wireless rings and unique suspensions, allowing effortless adjustments according to the placement of furniture and products—adding to the contemporary look of the space without any intrusive interventions. It boasts a unique combination of spot, diffused, and aperture lighting, mindfully crafted to create an ambiance that highlights products while simultaneously setting the scene. This system seamlessly integrates with the Delta Lighting app, providing a comprehensive smart lighting experience without requiring third-party integrations.
Which smart technologies do you consider most beneficial for enhancing the functionality of traditional buildings? For Example, Smart Lighting Systems, IoT-based HVAC Systems, Automated Windows and Shading systems, Energy management systems and Security and Surveillance.
At Open Atelier Mumbai, since we focus on blending automation, materials, and aesthetics, we try to incorporate cohesive automation systems, from IOT-driven HVAC systems to bright lighting and security. Our central aim is to ensure that by adding these systems, we not only give the space a cleaner, more simple aesthetic but also help address eco-consciousness while enhancing user experiences. At the same time, evaluating the need for the client’s functionality and usability in traditional buildings is essential.
Employing automated windows or shading systems can help maintain overall energy efficiency, optimize natural light, enhance comfort, preserve aesthetics, and offer convenient climate control while reducing operational costs and environmental impact. Incorporating smart lighting systems, IOT-based HVAC systems, and energy management systems can profoundly impact the overall usage patterns, maintaining the building’s heritage character while offering modern functionality and an enhanced user experience.
The integration of these smart technologies sets a new standard in design excellence and has a widespread impact on how we inhabit and experience a space.
Shridhar Pandav, Partner, VAAHAA Tech LLP
What challenges do you face when integrating automation/smart technologies into traditional architectural structures? Elaborate in detail.
We are a home automation hardware company. I have firsthand experience in elevating the lifestyles of our trusted clients by integrating automation/smart technologies in their new homes. After having years of experience in integrating home automation systems, “Can you imagine going back to traditional electric architecture” the answer would No. We have been saying blunt NO to integrating automation and smart technologies for retrofitting existing homes or traditional architectural structures. We believe that automation/smart technologies are not in synergy with architectural structures. The closest analogy I can give is going to five star hotel and getting exotic dishes served in traditional utensils. Just imagine going to Five Star and ordering sushi and getting it served in a stainless steel plate a tradition in Indian homes. Or going to the office in a traditional dhoti kurta in Mercedes Maybach S class.
It’s a battle we should gracefully surrender to instead of trying to fight and even pretend to have won it. Instead choose your battlefield if you can, by choosing to modernize the structure. Then it would be appropriate to integrate automation/smart technologies.
This is an objective opinion with no racism intended. There are too many degrees of freedom, that automation/smart technologies have to offer, which is too much for a traditional decor. e.g. Traditional architecture seldom goes beyond traditional switches and bulky fan regulators and the wiring is also done using wires carrying 230V AC power. Plus, the wiring is seldom concealed to be conducive to automation/smart technologies contradicting with traditional décor. The absence of false ceiling also causes adaption of modern COB lights with LED driver which in false ceiling can be easily tucked away.
What are the advantages of integrating automation and smart technology for old buildings?
I don’t see any pressing advantage to integrating automation and smart technology for old buildings as automation and smart technology is not a building block but the modern theme itself. Without even the context of this very topic, modern and traditional are almost antonyms. As discussed above, unless the very theme of the building is to be facelifted, it doesn’t make sense to me to opt for integration of automation and smart technology in isolation.
What emerging technologies or innovations are you excited about that could enhance the integration of smart systems in traditional buildings?
The only innovation I can consider relevant for traditional buildings with On/Off type of switches (as opposed to mainstream de-facto dimmable tuneable lights) is to replace them with On/Off type of home automation. Sensors such as motion sensors, and presence sensors can be added as bells and whistles, however, the core essence of integration of emerging technologies cannot be exploited to its full extent. In this way, the network of electric wires laid can still be used to enhance the traditional building while avoiding radical changes that soon can avalanche into the need for a complete overhaul.
Kewal Despande, MD, Tanti Automatics Pvt. Ltd.
What challenges do you face when integrating automation/smart technologies into traditional architectural structures? Elaborate in detail.
The integration of automation and smart solutions into existing buildings has become a game-changer in enhancing functionality, efficiency, and sustainability amidst rapid technological advancements. As a leading name in system integration, Tanti Organisation has been at the forefront of implementing and commissioning state-of-the-art technologies, transforming old structures into modern, efficient spaces.
Why Upgrade an Old Home to a Smart Home?
Turning an old home into a smart home is not just a trend, but a step towards enhancing your living experience, improving energy efficiency, and future-proofing your property. The convenience offered by smart home technologies is one of the key reasons for its growing popularity. With mobile apps and voice-activated assistants, managing your home becomes effortless. You can control lighting, temperature, and even appliances from anywhere in the world. Whether you’re relaxing on the couch or on vacation, a simple tap on your phone or a voice command can create the perfect ambiance, turn off forgotten lights, or preheat your oven. Over time, these systems learn your preferences, offering personalized suggestions and automating repetitive tasks to make daily life simpler.
Energy savings is another significant benefit. Smart thermostats optimize heating and cooling by learning your routines, and reducing unnecessary energy consumption. Motion-sensor lighting ensures that lights are only on when needed, and solar energy systems provide clean, renewable power, helping to lower utility bills while reducing your carbon footprint. Smart homes also offer advanced security features, including smart cameras for real-time monitoring, remotely controlled door locks, and intrusion detection systems that send instant alerts to your phone. These systems provide comprehensive safety whether you’re at home or away.
Additionally, retrofitting your home with smart technologies can significantly boost its property value. In today’s real estate market, homes with energy-efficient appliances, automated lighting, and smart security systems are highly attractive to buyers and tenants, commanding higher resale or rental prices. Lastly, the sustainability factor plays a crucial role. Automated systems minimize energy waste by ensuring that appliances and systems run only when necessary. Features like smart irrigation conserve water, while eco-friendly technologies such as solar panels and energy-efficient devices contribute to a greener environment.
In this article, experts from various sectors discuss the advantages of retrofitting old buildings with smart automation, emphasizing benefits like enhanced energy efficiency, security, and increased property value. However, challenges such as structural limitations and high upfront costs are also highlighted. While many iconic buildings have successfully adopted smart solutions, some experts express caution. Ultimately, we leave it to our professional readers to carefully evaluate these factors and make an informed decision.
